Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitors represent the grade of care in patients with EGFR mutation-positive (EGFRm ) non-small cell cancer of the lung (NSCLC). The supply of countless EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors approved to be used within the first-line or later settings in NSCLC warrants an in-depth knowledge of the medicinal qualities of, and clinical data supporting, these agents. The 2nd-generation, irreversible ErbB-family blocker, afatinib, continues to be extensively studied poor EGFRm NSCLC. Is a result of the LUX-Lung 3 and 6 studies demonstrated that afatinib was more active and tolerated than chemotherapy in patients with tumors harboring EGFR mutations. Subanalysis of those trials, together with real-world data, signifies that afatinib is active in patients with certain uncommon EGFR mutations (S768I/G719X/L861Q) in addition to common mutations (Del19/L858R), as well as in patients with active brain metastases. In LUX-Lung 7, a mind-to-mind phase IIb trial, afatinib improved progression-free survival and time-to-treatment failure in comparison to the first-generation reversible EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor, gefitinib, although having a greater incidence of significant treatment-related adverse occasions. Nonetheless, afatinib is usually well tolerated, and adverse occasions are manageable through supportive care along with a well-defined tolerability-led dose adjustment plan. Within this review, we offer an in depth summary of the pharmacology, effectiveness, and safety of afatinib, discuss treatment sequencing strategies following emergence of various resistance mechanisms, and reveal the economical impact of afatinib. We give a comparison of afatinib using the available EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors and discuss its position within treatment techniques for patients with EGFRm NSCLC.